4 101 X Chalcis was the most important city of Euboea in Archaic times and developed commercial ties with Sicily, Italy, the north Aegean, and the East. It was often in conflict with its neighbour Eretria, and was defeated by Athens in 506 BC. It was dominated by Athens throughout the Classical era and unsuccessfully revolted in 446 BC.
# Chalcis
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#Athens CM
6 101 X Melos, considered a Spartan foundation, was significantly involved in the battles of Salamis and Plataea in the Persian Wars. During the Peloponnesian War, however, it was brutally destroyed by Athens. All of its men were slaughtered and its women and children were sold into slavery.
# Melos
7 101 X Cos was an island-city off the coast of Anatolia. It was captured by the Persians at the end of the 6th century BC but became an ally of Athens after 479 BC. It was the birthplace of Hippocrates (the founder of medical science) and contained in Hellenistic times a famous sanctuary of Asklepios, the god of healing.
# Cos, Cos
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#Herodotus EW
9 102 I Miletus is perhaps the most famous Greek city in Asia Minor of the Archaic era. It was the dominant city of the region due to its controlling position at the mouth of the river Maiandrus. Its wealth and influence continued well into the Roman era, and buildings survive there from virtually every era of its history.
# Miletus, Miletus
10 102 H Ephesus was a great Greek city in Anatolia which contained the huge sanctuary of Artemis - one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. The sanctuary had 117 columns, each standing over 18 metres tall. Artemis was the local mother goddess and she was often depicted with many egg-like breasts.
# Ephesus, Statue of Artemis
11 101 X Samos, Lesbos, and Chios were the three largest and most powerful island city-states in the Aegean. Samos had a substantial navy which fought for the Persians at Salamis in 480 BC. Despite this, Samos went on to become an important member of the Athenian dominated Delian League.
# Samos
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#Slavery IW
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#Greek Trireme IS
14 102 J Messene was one of the principal early city-states in the Peloponnese. It was conquered by the Spartans and its inhabitants endured centuries of harsh oppression until liberated by Thebes in the 4th century BC. Its city walls were immediately rebuilt: they are the best example of a fully developed defensive stone system surviving from Classical Greece.
# Messene, Messene
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#Olympya CM
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#Delphi CM
17 102 F The sanctuary of Asklepios near Epidaurus was famous throughout the Greek World and contained the most beautiful and best preserved of all Greek theatres. International festivals were held at the sanctuary with athletics, horse racing, music, and poetry.
# Epidaurus, Theatre at Epidaurus
18 102 D The theatre at Amphiareion is the most purely Hellenistic of all the ones in Greece. Built in the 4th century BC, it had five marble thrones and could seat up to 3,000 people.
# Amphiareion, Map of the theatre
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#Drama EW
20 102 E Priene, situated in Ionia on the western coast of Anatolia, was not as successful as its neighbour Miletus but did contain a lovely theatre and a temple to Athena which were built in Hellenistic times. It also once had fine private houses and grand public buildings.
# Priene, Priene
21 101 X Dodona was the site of an ancient oracle of Zeus, reputedly the oldest in Greece. Homer wrote that its priests slept on the ground and never washed their feet. There is no evidence for continuity of the cult, and only the foundations of the sanctuary of Zeus survive. The surviving buildings date from Hellenistic times.
